The impact of storage on extracellular vesicles: A systematic study

S Gelibter, G Marostica, A Mandelli… - Journal of …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
S Gelibter, G Marostica, A Mandelli, S Siciliani, P Podini, A Finardi, R Furlan
Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2022Wiley Online Library
Mounting evidence suggests that storage has an impact on extracellular vesicles (EVs)
properties. While− 80° C storage is a widespread approach, some authors proposed
improved storage strategies with conflicting results. Here, we designed a systematic study to
assess the impact of− 80° C storage and freeze‐thaw cycles on EVs. We tested the
differences among eight storage strategies and investigated the possible fusion phenomena
occurring during storage. EVs were collected from human plasma and murine microglia …
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that storage has an impact on extracellular vesicles (EVs) properties. While −80°C storage is a widespread approach, some authors proposed improved storage strategies with conflicting results. Here, we designed a systematic study to assess the impact of −80°C storage and freeze‐thaw cycles on EVs. We tested the differences among eight storage strategies and investigated the possible fusion phenomena occurring during storage. EVs were collected from human plasma and murine microglia culture by size exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation, respectively. The analysis included: concentration, size and zeta potential (tunable resistive pulse sensing), contaminant protein assessment; flow cytometry for the analysis of two single fluorescent‐tagged EVs populations (GFP and mCherry), mixed before preservation. We found that −80°C storage reduces EVs concentration and sample purity in a time‐dependent manner. Furthermore, it increases the particle size and size variability and modifies EVs zeta potential, with a shift of EVs in size‐charge plots. None of the tested conditions prevented the observed effects. Freeze‐thaw cycles lead to an EVs reduction after the first cycle and to a cycle‐dependent increase in particle size. With flow cytometry, after storage, we observed a significant population of double‐positive EVs (GFP+‐mCherry+). This observation may suggest the occurrence of fusion phenomena during storage. Our findings show a significant impact of storage on EVs samples in terms of particle loss, purity reduction and fusion phenomena leading to artefactual particles. Depending on downstream analyses and experimental settings, EVs should probably be processed from fresh, non‐archival, samples in majority of cases.
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