Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy modifies CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients

A Pircher, G Gamerith, A Amann, S Reinold, H Popper… - Lung cancer, 2014 - Elsevier
A Pircher, G Gamerith, A Amann, S Reinold, H Popper, A Gächter, G Pall, E Wöll, H Jamnig…
Lung cancer, 2014Elsevier
Abstract Background Regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical for cancer immune evasion;
whereas natural killer (NK) cells are central for effective anti-tumor immunity including
antibody-induced cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The predictive role of Treg levels for clinical
response to chemo-immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as
therapy-induced Treg changes remain to be defined. Patients and methods The impact of
Treg on NK-mediated cetuximab-dependent cellular cytoxicity was tested in vitro. Frequency …
Background
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical for cancer immune evasion; whereas natural killer (NK) cells are central for effective anti-tumor immunity including antibody-induced cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The predictive role of Treg levels for clinical response to chemo-immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as therapy-induced Treg changes remain to be defined.
Patients and methods
The impact of Treg on NK-mediated cetuximab-dependent cellular cytoxicity was tested in vitro. Frequency and functional activity of Treg was analyzed in 31 NSCLC stage IB-IIIA patients treated by neoadjuvant Cetuximab/Docetaxel/Cisplatin prior to surgery. Data were correlated with clinical outcome variables and Treg tumor infiltration.
Results
Treg potently inhibit NK-mediated and cetuximab-induced ADCC in vitro. In addition, a significant correlation between Treg reduction and clinical response was seen. However, the grade of tumor infiltrating Treg in resected tumors did not correlate with peripheral Treg levels. Moreover, Treg levels at diagnosis did not predict clinical response to chemo-immunotherapy.
Conclusions
The drop of Treg levels during neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in NSCLC patients significantly correlates with clinical response. However, Treg at diagnosis are not linked to inferior clinical response to chemo-immunotherapy in NSCLC in vivo even though Treg efficiently inhibit ADCC in vitro.
Elsevier